Ginebra, Suiza, 13 de enero de 2021
Nueva evidencia recabada por el Consejo Internacional de Enfermeras (CIE) apunta a que la COVID-19 está provocando trauma colectivo en las enfermeras del mundo. Los fallecimientos confirmados de enfermeras superan ya los 2200 y como el nivel de contagios de la fuerza laboral de enfermería sigue siendo elevado, el personal que ya está trabajando al máximo está experimentando mayor angustia psicológica por unas cargas de trabajo que no paran de aumentar, así como por abusos y protestas continuadas de los antivacunas.
Las conclusiones preliminares de una nueva encuesta realizada por el CIE a sus más de 130 Asociaciones Nacionales de Enfermeras (ANE) junto con estudios efectuados por estas e información proveniente de otras fuentes apuntan a que el Efecto de la COVID-19 es una forma compleja y extraordinaria de trauma con consecuencias potencialmente devastadoras tanto a corto como a largo plazo para las enfermeras a título individual y los sistemas de salud en los que trabajan.
Se corre el riesgo de que la pandemia dañe a la profesión de enfermería durante las próximas generaciones a no ser que los gobiernos actúen ahora para afrontar el Efecto de la COVID-19, que nuestra encuesta sugiere que podría desencadenar un éxodo de la profesión. El mundo ya padece una carencia de seis millones de enfermeras y se esperan otros cuatro millones de escasez a causa de la llegada de la edad de jubilación en los próximos diez años. Como el Efecto de la COVID-19 tiene el potencial de provocar que aún más enfermeras abandonen la profesión, los gobiernos han de actuar ahora para proteger la enfermería y nuestros sistemas sanitarios ya frágiles con el fin de no poner en peligro la salud de sus naciones y el objetivo de la Organización Mundial de la Salud de lograr la Atención Sanitaria Universal.
El Director General del CIE Howard Catton ha declarado:
“Estamos siendo testigos de un trauma ocupacional extraordinario y complejo que está afectando a la fuerza laboral de enfermería en todo el mundo. Las enfermeras se están enfrentando a exigencias incesantes y sin precedentes por parte de sus pacientes, lo cual está causando agotamiento físico. Pero también se están viendo sometidas a enormes presiones de salud mental que están desembocando en casos graves de angustia psicológica. En todo el mundo, cuidar de pacientes de COVID-19 implica hacer frente a un mayor número de fallecimientos, sustituir a familiares que no pueden estar con sus seres queridos ni siquiera mientras se están muriendo, preocuparse por la falta de equipos de protección individual, enfrentarse a abusos por parte de miembros de sus comunidades y negacionistas de la pandemia y tener miedo de trasmitir el virus a sus seres queridos en casa”.
Los datos del CIE muestran que, desde la primera ola de la pandemia, la proporción de enfermeras que manifiesta problemas de salud mental ha subido del 60 al 80% en numerosos países. El CIE también ha recopilado estudios de todas las regiones del mundo que confirman el aumento de casos de trauma, ansiedad y agotamiento en la profesión de enfermería.
El Sr. Catton ha añadido:
“Este trauma colectivo extraordinario está teniendo un efecto inmediato y profundo pero también es muy probable que tenga un impacto significativo a largo plazo puesto que contribuye a una oleada de trastorno de estrés postraumático (TEPT), depresión y ansiedad cuya envergadura aún no podemos determinar.
No cabe ninguna duda de que habrá un gran Efecto de la COVID-19 en el tamaño de la fuerza laboral de enfermería, que ya va camino de un déficit de 10 millones. Incluso si únicamente entre el 10 y el 15% de la población de enfermería actual abandona la profesión por el Efecto de la COVID-19, tendríamos un déficit potencial de 14 millones de enfermeras en 2030, es decir el equivalente a la mitad de la actual fuerza laboral de enfermería. Un déficit así repercutiría en todos los servicios sanitarios en la era post COVID-19 hasta tal punto que me llevaría a sostener que la salud del personal de enfermería podría ser el mayor determinante de la salud de la población mundial en la próxima década.
Considerando la aparición de nuevas cepas altamente contagiosas del virus y la creciente evidencia de los efectos de la larga duración de la COVID, el CIE insta a los gobiernos a no subestimar la gravedad de esta crisis: la COVID-19 ha expuesto las líneas de falla de nuestros sistemas de salud y si las naciones no actúan inmediatamente para apuntalarlos se crearán abismos insuperables con efectos potencialmente devastadores.”
El Efecto de la COVID-19: Una instantánea mundial:
La Asociación Japonesa de Enfermería afirma que en el 15% de los hospitales de Japón se han producido casos de enfermeras que han abandonado su trabajo y aproximadamente el 20% de las enfermeras ha denunciado situaciones de discriminación o prejuicios durante la propagación de la primera ola de la pandemia.
La Asociación Americana de Enfermeras indica que el 51% de las enfermeras se sienten ‘sobrepasadas’. Otros informes de Estados Unidos señalan que el 93% de las y los trabajadores sanitarios está experimentando estrés, el 76% agotamiento, además de una triplicación de las ratios enfermera-pacientes.
Brasil – El 49% de las enfermeras manifiesta ansiedad y el 25% depresión.
China – El 60% de las enfermeras manifiesta agotamiento y el 90% ansiedad.
África – Una encuesta realizada en 13 países en África ha revelado que el 20% de los trabajadores sanitarios ha experimentado síntomas de depresión a diario durante la pandemia en comparación con el 2% previo a la pandemia.
España – El 80% de las enfermeras manifiesta síntomas de ansiedad y creciente agotamiento.
Israel indica que más del 40% de las enfermeras tiene miedo de cuidar de los enfermos y pacientes de COVID-19.
Australia – El 61% de los trabajadores sanitarios manifiesta agotamiento y el 28% depresión
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