Dilemas del trabajo en el sector público en Paraguay: una mirada desde sus sindicatos

La investigación realizada en el año 2020 por la Internacional de Servicios Públicos (ISP) con los gremios afiliados a la ISP en Paraguay (CONASAISP) arroja datos alarmantes sobre la situación de los trabajadores.

El país necesita de manera urgente mejorar en la formalización laboral y reconocimiento de los derechos de los trabajadores. Un aspecto preocupante es el desbalance en las tasas de sindicalización y en la negociación colectiva situándose entre las más bajas de América Latina.

En el ámbito laboral, existe una brecha de género en el aspecto  salarial, carga de trabajo no remunerado, menor flexibilidad temporal, mayores restricciones en el trabajo, salud mental y física más deteriorada en el caso de las mujeres, especialmente en los sectores de educación y salud donde predominante laboran.

La actual pandemia desnuda la necesidad urgente de atender los conflictos del sector salud que en este momento se encuentra cuidando de todo un país. Al mismo tiempo, desde las esferas institucionales se abocan a implementar reformas en la estructura de financiamiento y gobernanza del sistema de salud. Es importante que los trabajadores, quienes son actores fundamentales, sean partícipes; para ello será necesaria la unidad de todos los trabajadores del sector salud.

La sectorización de los gremios es un obstáculo, se debe avanzar en una política sindical para lograr la formalización, transparencia y aumento de los salarios con  escalas según  méritos  y capacidades. En este aspecto se puede destacar el gran paso que ha dado el sector de enfermería con la promulgación de la Ley Nº6625 que regula la Carrera Profesional del personal de enfermería en el Sector Público, en donde la meritocracia y el concurso de oposición serán el requisito fundamental para el ingreso y promoción; esto traerá como resultado la  mejora  salarial en cada quinquenio y se espera que logre despolitizar al sector.

Se debe defender y fortalecer la seguridad social e incorporar a un importante grupo de trabajadores que se encuentran fuera del sistema. Es fundamental estar vigilantes ante las iniciativas de privatización o austeridad de las instituciones públicas. Se debe avanzar hacia un sistema de seguridad nacional unificado para el sector público.

Si bien el informe muestra un patrón de crecimiento con una mejora de indicadores macroeconómicos, el mismo descansa en una desigual distribución de los beneficios a la población.

La informalidad laboral de Paraguay es también un rasgo fundamental para entender la organización del mercado del trabajo.

Pese a las enormes consecuencias que ha tenido la pandemia sobre el mercado laboral, el sector público es el único empleo que no se ha visto afectado en términos de la cantidad de trabajadores ocupados; esto ha sostenido parte importante del funcionamiento de los servicios a nivel nacional durante todo este período.

El informe deja en evidencia que urge avanzar hacia: a) Una inversión pública sostenida y una gobernanza pública estratégica; b) Desarrollar la carrera y profesionalización de la función pública, c) Un modelo de Seguridad Social eficiente y eficaz, que sea capaz de superar la elevada informalidad laboral y ofrecer protección a los trabajadores tanto del sector público como privado.

Estos avances se podrán lograr si desde el sector de los trabajadores internalizan la urgencia de la unidad de acción para conquistar estos beneficios históricamente postergados.

Los sindicatos del sector Público de Paraguay que participaron de este estudio fueron: Sindicato de  Trabajadores de la ANDE (SITRANDE), Sindicato de Trabajadores del Municipio de Asunción (SITRAMA), Sindicado de Obreros y Empleados de la Municipalidad de Asunción (SINOEMA), la Asociación Paraguaya de Enfermería (APE), la Federación de Sindicatos de Funcionarios de la Universidad Nacional de Asunción (FESIFUNA), y el Sindicato de Trabajadores de la Empresa Itaipú Binacional (STEIBI).

Referencia:

Boccardo, G., Caballero, M., Ruíz, F., Carrasco, J. (2020). Dilemas del trabajo en el sector público en Paraguay: una mirada desde sus sindicatos. Entidad ejecutora Fundación Nodo XXI.

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