Por Jorge Ayala
Jorge.ayala7520@gmail.com
Desde tiempos inmemoriales el hombre y la mujer han buscado respuestas acerca de su naturaleza, su relación con los demás y con el mundo, inclusive en las civilizaciones más antiguas existen vestigios de esta inquietud, por dar un significado tanto a su mundo interior como al intermundo en el que se reconoce. En las culturas del próximo oriente antiguo son los dioses quienes dictan las leyes a los hombres, por eso, las leyes son sagradas, como ejemplo tenemos el código de Hammurabi.
Posteriormente, el estudio de la ética se remonta a los orígenes mismos de la filosofía en la antigua Grecia, y su desarrollo histórico ha sido amplio y variado. A lo largo de la historia ha habido diversas maneras de entender la ética y distintas visiones morales orientadoras de la vida humana.
En nuestro medio particular tenemos el concepto de nuestros pueblos originarios según Ticio Escobar que define: el término tekoporã está compuesto por dos palabras: tekó significa “modo propio de ser”, cultura; porã nombra simultáneamente la belleza y el bien. El tekoporã es el buen vivir colectivo, el vivir con belleza. Este ideal ético guaraní se extiende a las otras etnias y a los sectores populares de tradición mestizo-guaraní que viven en el Paraguay.
La ética es una rama de la filosofía, por lo tanto, requiere de un agudo ejercicio cognoscente y reflexivo, la ética no inventa los problemas morales, sino que reflexiona sobre ellos.
Dentro de los componentes de la ética existe lo que denominamos como virtud la cual es una disposición de la persona para obrar en concordancia con sus valores e ideales, como el bien, la verdad, la justicia y la belleza. La virtud se opone al vicio y es muy relevante para la vida ética.
El reconocimiento y el desarrollo de la ética es fundamental para que el hombre y la mujer crezcan como personas, ya que sin ella es imposible conocer el bien, y establecer una escala de principios y valores que guíen la convivencia cotidiana, y en particular cuando está enfocada a lo concerniente al ámbito laboral-profesional.
La práctica de valores éticos positivos ayuda al hombre y a la mujer a iluminar su camino especialmente dentro de la cultura del relativismo y la postmodernidad, donde todo es cuestionable y ya no existen valores que puedan guiar al hombre hacia una vida integra y verdadera.
La construcción y adopción de una estructura de valores éticos nos ayudará a dilucidar aquello que se presenta como nebuloso o confuso en nuestra vida cotidiana y sobre todo a distinguir si un valor es relativo, convencional o absoluto.
Una sentencia ética supone la elaboración de un principio moral y una norma que señala como deberían actuar los integrantes de una sociedad.
Finalmente podemos señalar que poseer un fundamento ético que guíe nuestro fuero interno nos evitará insatisfacción y confusión; por el contrario, ordenará y conducirá nuestra vida de manera más saludable y digna ya que este fundamento servirá de sustento de nuestra conciencia, sobre todo ante las grandes disyuntivas que plantea nuestro mundo actual.
Referencias
Escobar, T. (2015). Tekoporã, Arte indígena y popular del Paraguay. http://revistasacademicas.unsam.edu.ar
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